A Comparative Study of Different Stone and Bio-stone Washing of Denim

Abstract

Denim washing is known as one of the finishing treatment that has vast usage because of creating special appearance and updating clothes. Washing jean clothes are being developed and technology of denim washing is the main part of clothes Industry. In current study, comparison of different washing methods is considered. Different methods of denim washing including the use of pumice stone, neutral and acid cellulases and also combination of pumice stone and cellulases. The change of color of resulting samples are compared by the reflecting colorimeter of inside garment, outside garment and pocket material after doing experiments. Tensile of samples is measured, XRD spectrum and crystalline degree also monitored. Furthermore, the surfaces of fibers in treated samples have been observed by SEM images. The result of experiments shows that neutral cellulases produced a fabric with higher lightness and increasing of enzyme adding to back staining. Denim treatment with 100% o.w.f pumice stone alone wasn't effective. However, combination of 100% pumice stone with cellulases showed a good washing effect.

Keywords: Denim, Stone washing, Back-staining, Lightness, Cellulases, Pumice stone

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About the Authors

The authors are associated with Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology and Postgraduate Department, South Branch of Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran, respectively.

A Comparative Study of Different Stone and Bio-stone Washing of Denim

Abstract

Denim washing is known as one of the finishing treatment that has vast usage because of creating special appearance and updating clothes. Washing jean clothes are being developed and technology of denim washing is the main part of clothes Industry. In current study, comparison of different washing methods is considered. Different methods of denim washing including the use of pumice stone, neutral and acid cellulases and also combination of pumice stone and cellulases. The change of color of resulting samples are compared by the reflecting colorimeter of inside garment, outside garment and pocket material after doing experiments. Tensile of samples is measured, XRD spectrum and crystalline degree also monitored. Furthermore, the surfaces of fibers in treated samples have been observed by SEM images. The result of experiments shows that neutral cellulases produced a fabric with higher lightness and increasing of enzyme adding to back staining. Denim treatment with 100% o.w.f pumice stone alone wasn't effective. However, combination of 100% pumice stone with cellulases showed a good washing effect.

Keywords: Denim, Stone washing, Back-staining, Lightness, Cellulases, Pumice stone

Read Full Article

About the Authors

The authors are associated with Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology and Postgraduate Department, South Branch of Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran, respectively.

A Comparative Study of Different Stone and Bio-stone Washing of Denim

Abstract

Denim washing is known as one of the finishing treatment that has vast usage because of creating special appearance and updating clothes. Washing jean clothes are being developed and technology of denim washing is the main part of clothes Industry. In current study, comparison of different washing methods is considered. Different methods of denim washing including the use of pumice stone, neutral and acid cellulases and also combination of pumice stone and cellulases. The change of color of resulting samples are compared by the reflecting colorimeter of inside garment, outside garment and pocket material after doing experiments. Tensile of samples is measured, XRD spectrum and crystalline degree also monitored. Furthermore, the surfaces of fibers in treated samples have been observed by SEM images. The result of experiments shows that neutral cellulases produced a fabric with higher lightness and increasing of enzyme adding to back staining. Denim treatment with 100% o.w.f pumice stone alone wasn't effective. However, combination of 100% pumice stone with cellulases showed a good washing effect.

Keywords: Denim, Stone washing, Back-staining, Lightness, Cellulases, Pumice stone

Read Full Article

About the Authors

The authors are associated with Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology and Postgraduate Department, South Branch of Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran, respectively.

Cotton Fabric Printing with Reactive Dye using Guar Gum

Abstract

Water and soil repellency has been one of the major targets for fiber and textile scientists and manufacturers for centuries. Nano science is employed for this type of problems. From the nano science self cleaning is the wonderful technology for dirt-free with other functional finishes. So, through this paper we deals with various mechanisms of self-cleaning and the coatings, manufacturing methods, and also various functional finishes like antimicrobial; UV ray finishes which can be imparted with the major advantages than the other conventional finishes and application area of this technique. Connection to this limitation, problems with this technique and recommendations for the purpose of bringing out new ideas which is incorporated in the self cleaning garments.

Introduction

Nature has already developed an elegant approach that combines chemistry and physics to create super repellant surfaces as well as self cleaning surfaces. "Lotus leaves" is the best example of self cleaning surfaces. The technology of self-cleaning coatings has developed rapidly in recent years. As a commercial product, their potential is huge and their market truly global. Because of the wide range of possible applications. The concept of self cleaning textiles is based on the lotus plant whose leaves are well-known for their ability to self-clean by repelling water and dirt. Now day's peoples are very busy in their work that they do not have time for clean their daily wear cloths also people who are working in kitchens having headache to wash their garments. Also military peoples have to survive in such drastic condition that they cannot wash their cloths. Nano technology provides a new concept self cleaning textiles which gives self cleaning as well as fresh cloths every day, this not only technically benefited but techno economically also benefited. The field of self-cleaning coatings is divided into two categories: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. These two types of coating both clean themselves through the action of water, the former by rolling droplets and the latter by sheeting water that carries away dirt. Hydrophilic coatings, however, have an additional property: they can chemically break down adsorbed dirt in sunlight.

Read Full Report

About the Author

The author is associated with PSG College of Technology.

Cotton Fabric Printing with Reactive Dye using Guar Gum

Abstract

Water and soil repellency has been one of the major targets for fiber and textile scientists and manufacturers for centuries. Nano science is employed for this type of problems. From the nano science self cleaning is the wonderful technology for dirt-free with other functional finishes. So, through this paper we deals with various mechanisms of self-cleaning and the coatings, manufacturing methods, and also various functional finishes like antimicrobial; UV ray finishes which can be imparted with the major advantages than the other conventional finishes and application area of this technique. Connection to this limitation, problems with this technique and recommendations for the purpose of bringing out new ideas which is incorporated in the self cleaning garments.

Introduction

Nature has already developed an elegant approach that combines chemistry and physics to create super repellant surfaces as well as self cleaning surfaces. "Lotus leaves" is the best example of self cleaning surfaces. The technology of self-cleaning coatings has developed rapidly in recent years. As a commercial product, their potential is huge and their market truly global. Because of the wide range of possible applications. The concept of self cleaning textiles is based on the lotus plant whose leaves are well-known for their ability to self-clean by repelling water and dirt. Now day's peoples are very busy in their work that they do not have time for clean their daily wear cloths also people who are working in kitchens having headache to wash their garments. Also military peoples have to survive in such drastic condition that they cannot wash their cloths. Nano technology provides a new concept self cleaning textiles which gives self cleaning as well as fresh cloths every day, this not only technically benefited but techno economically also benefited. The field of self-cleaning coatings is divided into two categories: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. These two types of coating both clean themselves through the action of water, the former by rolling droplets and the latter by sheeting water that carries away dirt. Hydrophilic coatings, however, have an additional property: they can chemically break down adsorbed dirt in sunlight.

Read Full Report

About the Author

The author is associated with PSG College of Technology.

Cotton Fabric Printing with Reactive Dye using Guar Gum

Abstract

Water and soil repellency has been one of the major targets for fiber and textile scientists and manufacturers for centuries. Nano science is employed for this type of problems. From the nano science self cleaning is the wonderful technology for dirt-free with other functional finishes. So, through this paper we deals with various mechanisms of self-cleaning and the coatings, manufacturing methods, and also various functional finishes like antimicrobial; UV ray finishes which can be imparted with the major advantages than the other conventional finishes and application area of this technique. Connection to this limitation, problems with this technique and recommendations for the purpose of bringing out new ideas which is incorporated in the self cleaning garments.

Introduction

Nature has already developed an elegant approach that combines chemistry and physics to create super repellant surfaces as well as self cleaning surfaces. "Lotus leaves" is the best example of self cleaning surfaces. The technology of self-cleaning coatings has developed rapidly in recent years. As a commercial product, their potential is huge and their market truly global. Because of the wide range of possible applications. The concept of self cleaning textiles is based on the lotus plant whose leaves are well-known for their ability to self-clean by repelling water and dirt. Now day's peoples are very busy in their work that they do not have time for clean their daily wear cloths also people who are working in kitchens having headache to wash their garments. Also military peoples have to survive in such drastic condition that they cannot wash their cloths. Nano technology provides a new concept self cleaning textiles which gives self cleaning as well as fresh cloths every day, this not only technically benefited but techno economically also benefited. The field of self-cleaning coatings is divided into two categories: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. These two types of coating both clean themselves through the action of water, the former by rolling droplets and the latter by sheeting water that carries away dirt. Hydrophilic coatings, however, have an additional property: they can chemically break down adsorbed dirt in sunlight.

Read Full Report

About the Author

The author is associated with PSG College of Technology.

Chemical testing of textiles

Edited by Q Fan, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA

Woodhead Textiles Series No. 40

…a useful book that will find a place in many textile laboratories worldwide.
International Dyer

- a comprehensive overview of the chemical testing of textiles for both academia and industry
- provides extensive coverage of the chemical analysis procedures for a broad range of textiles
- compiled by a worldwide team of renowned experts

Chemical testing of textiles is a comprehensive book aimed at giving a full overview of chemical testing for both academics and industry. It provides an extensive coverage of the chemical analysis procedures for a broad range of textiles. It introduces fundamental chemical concepts and rudimentary procedures and tries to balance the theoretical and practical parts of the contents. In most cases, the chemical analysis is undertaken with a test method regulated and updated by a professional organization. It serves as a great accompaniment to Physical testing of textiles. It has been compiled with the hard work of a team of contributors including professors, material researchers and textile analysts from Canada, Britain, Germany, and the United States of America.

The opening chapter deals with fibre and yarn identification and is followed by nine separate chapters discussing different chemical analyses with regard to textiles. These include leather, feather/down, textile wet processes, fibre finishes, coatings, performance related tests, wastewater, and dyes and pigments.

This book will be a valuable resource for academic and industrial chemists, lecturers and students of textile chemistry and related subjects. It will also serve as a practical guide for textile plant managers, process engineers, technologists, qualified practitioners, textile research and testing institutes, quality inspectors, chemist-colourists and textile designers.

ISBN 1 85573 917 8
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 917 8
September 2005
336 pages 234 x 156mm hardback

About the editor

Qinguo Fan is an Associate Professor of Textile Chemistry at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. His research interests include textile chemistry, color science, polymer science, and environmental compliance of textile wet processing.

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Contents

Fibre and yarn identifications
S C Ugbolue, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
- Introduction
- Natural fibers
- Regenerated fibers
- Fiber identification
- Density measurement
- The use of infrared spectroscopy
- Other methods of surface analysis
- References

Chemical analysis of feather and down textile materials
M J Lieber, W K Lieber and C L Lieber, IDFL, USA
- Introduction
- Chemical analysis of feathers and down
- Chemical analysis of extracts
- Visual analytical methods
- Finished product quality
- References

Chemical analysis of leather
Y Shao, Center for Textile Technologies (Group CTT), Canada
- Introduction
- Identification of leather
- Analysis of tanning materials
- Tests of leather properties
- Tests of leather performance
- Tests of leather stability (aging)
- References

Analysis of common chemicals used in textile wet processes
Q Fan, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
- Introduction
- Acids, bases and salts
- Surfactants
- Oxidizing agents and reducing agents
- Miscellaneous chemicals
- References

Analysis of chemicals used in fibre finishing
Q Fan, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
- Introduction
- Sizing agents
- Lubricants and cohesive agents
- Other additives
- References

Chemical analysis of fabric finishes and performance related tests
P Hauser, North Carolina State University, USA
- Introduction
- Analysis of fabric finishes
- Finish performance tests
- References

Chemical analysis of textile coating
R Scott, Rascotex, UK
- Introduction
- Chemical types used in coatings and membranes
- Natural and synthetic rubbers
- Preparation of coatings for analysis
- Elemental analysis
- The Burchfield colour reaction test for elastomers
- Infra-red spectroscopy of Coatings
- British and international chemical test methods
- Analysis of components, additives and compounding ingredients
- Conclusions
- References

Chemical assessment of damage to fibers and fabrics
W Schindler and E Finnimore, Fachhochschule Hof, Germany
- Introduction
- Practical importance of textile damage assessment and analysis of causes of damage
- Fundamentals of textile damage analysis
- Methods of textile damage analysis
- Damage analysis according to the type of fibre
- Special types of damage and their analysis
- Special applications and particularities of textile damage analysis
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References

Water and wastewater analysis
H S Freeman and C B Smith, North Carolina State University, USA
- Introduction
- Specific tests
- Issues and improvements for the future
- List of resource materials

Chemical analysis of dyes and pigments
K N Tapley, University of Leeds, UK and Q Fan, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
- Introduction
- Colorants
- General issues in analysis and the steps involved in analysis
- Molecular spectroscopy/spectrometry
- Atomic spectroscopy (and elemental analysis)
- Separation science
- Summary of instrumental analysis
- Colorant analysis without using instruments
- References

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